Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among Polish women. In its early stages, it is difficult to detect because it often presents no symptoms. Regular screening tests are essential for early detection. This article highlights the importance of breast cancer prevention and outlines the tests that should be performed regularly.
Pink October – Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Since 1985, October has been globally recognized as Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Its symbol, the pink ribbon, has led to October being referred to as “Pink October.” During this month, breast cancer becomes a primary health topic. It is an ideal time to educate about this silent threat and encourage women to undergo regular screenings. Of course, it’s important to remember that any time is a good time for preventive examinations.
The statistics speak for themselves. According to the Polish National Cancer Registry, breast cancer accounts for approximately 23% of all malignant cancer cases among women and is responsible for about 14% of cancer-related deaths. Globally, 1.5 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year, and, unfortunately, 400,000 cases result in death. Regular screenings can make a significant difference.
It is worth noting that breast cancer is increasingly being diagnosed in women aged 30 to 45.
Breast Cancer Prevention – Self-Examination
Breast cancer is a disease that, when detected early, is treatable. This fact alone should be enough motivation to schedule a screening appointment. Early prevention starts with dedicating just 10 minutes to a self-examination, which could save your life. Self-examinations are easy to perform and can be done regularly. They involve inspecting your breasts in front of a mirror, both standing and lying down, to identify any unusual changes. Perform the examination 3–5 days after your menstrual cycle.
Steps for Self-Examination:
Position 1: Raise your arms above your head.
Position 2: Place your hands on your hips.
Position 3: Use the three middle fingers of one hand to examine the opposite breast in circular motions while the other hand is raised.
Position 4: Lie on your back and repeat the circular motions as in Position 3.
If during self-examination you notice changes such as nipple discharge, visible veins, dimpling, protruding lumps, ulcers, changes in nipple size, or feel a lump the size of a seed, seek professional medical advice for a thorough examination.
Professional Screening Tests
Several effective tests can detect breast cancer. These include ultrasound, mammography, and genetic testing.
Ultrasound (USG)
Ultrasound is the most common test for breast cancer prevention, particularly for women over 30, as the risk of this cancer increases with age. The procedure involves applying a special gel to the breast and using an ultrasound probe to detect any abnormalities. This short and painless test is usually performed by a gynecologist or radiologist.
Mammography
Mammography is generally recommended for women around 50 years of age, depending on individual cases. This test uses ionizing radiation to capture images of breast tissue. During the procedure, the breast is placed between two plates of the mammography machine to ensure clear imaging. Mammography is highly effective, detecting cancerous changes in over 90% of cases. Clinical studies show that women aged 50–69 who regularly undergo mammograms can reduce their mortality rate by 25–30%.
Breast MRI
Breast MRI is a complementary test to ultrasound and mammography. It is indicated for cases such as small breast size (unsuitable for mammography), refusal to undergo mammography, pre-surgical tumor assessment, and sometimes for evaluating breasts with implants. The procedure lasts 30–50 minutes and typically requires the administration of an intravenous contrast agent.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing is particularly valuable for women with a family history of cancer, as breast cancer can have a genetic basis. The detection of mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes indicates an increased risk of developing breast cancer. A venous blood sample is required to isolate DNA for this test.
Prevention Saves Lives
Prevention is crucial. A small effort can ensure a life free from the threat of breast cancer.