Despite its small size, the thyroid gland can have a significant impact on health. Hypothyroidism is a condition that should not be overlooked. This article explains the symptoms that may indicate thyroid issues.
What is the Thyroid?
Before delving into hypothyroidism, it’s useful to understand the thyroid itself. The thyroid is a gland located in the front part of the throat, consisting of two lobes connected by an isthmus, resembling a butterfly in shape. Its primary role is to produce hormones essential for the body’s functioning: thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. The thyroid regulates:
- Metabolic processes
- Heat production
- Energy management
- Nervous system functioning
Even a minor disruption in the production of T4 or T3 can unbalance the other hormones. An endocrinologist is responsible for diagnosing thyroid issues.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Due to mild symptoms, hypothyroidism can easily be mistaken for minor health problems, making it crucial to recognize concerning signs. Hypothyroidism is more common in women and occurs when the thyroid does not release sufficient hormones into the bloodstream, slowing down metabolism.
Common symptoms of slowed metabolism include fatigue and drowsiness. If you feel persistently tired despite adequate sleep, you might have a thyroid-related hormonal imbalance. This fatigue can lead to difficulties with concentration, memory, and focus.
Another key symptom is weight gain. The slowed metabolism, including digestion, makes it easier to gain weight. Even mild cases of hypothyroidism can lead to weight increase, potentially causing overweight or obesity.
A slower metabolism also affects circulation, often lowering body temperature slightly. People with hypothyroidism are sensitive to cold and may experience cold hands, feet, or general chilliness, even in warmer weather.
Other symptoms include muscle and joint pain due to reduced muscle strength and flexibility.
Research shows that women with hypothyroidism may experience irregular menstrual cycles and spotting between periods. The condition may also lower libido.
Elevated cholesterol levels can also be a problem. Thyroid hormones help the liver clear cholesterol; reduced hormone levels can prevent this, raising cholesterol in the blood.
A slower heart rate, known as bradycardia, can affect blood pressure and heart rhythm and may also indicate hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism – causes
Causes of Hypothyroidism Thyroid issues mainly arise from gland damage, often due to inflammatory diseases or surgery. Causes include chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, known as Hashimoto’s disease, surgical thyroid removal, or treatment with radioactive iodine.
Hashimoto’s disease has a genetic background, so if your mother or grandmother has hypothyroidism, you may be at higher risk.
How to treat hypothyroidism?
How to Treat Hypothyroidism Treatment primarily involves taking thyroxine (T4) as a medication. This stabilizes hormone levels but needs ongoing adjustment, making lifelong treatment necessary.
While hypothyroidism doesn’t affect lifespan, its symptoms can be bothersome. Treatment and some lifestyle adjustments are recommended:
- Take prescribed thyroxine (T4) according to your endocrinologist’s instructions.
- Follow the doctor’s advice regarding dosage and timing.
- Undergo regular testing and check-ups to monitor TSH levels and adjust dosage if needed.
- Consume iodine-rich foods like seafood, eggs, or shellfish.
- Stay positive – in very mild cases, hypothyroidism may resolve on its own or symptoms may subside.
At LuMedic, endocrinological patients are cared for by:
- Dr. Luiza Napiórkowska
- Dr. Anna Kępczyńska-Nyk
- Dr. Anna Lewicka
Appointments with an endocrinologist at LuMedic Medical Center can be made by phone: 221502020