An increasing number of studies indicate that insulin and the menstrual cycle are interconnected. Can excess insulin affect the regularity of the cycle? Read this article to learn more.

Insulin and the Menstrual Cycle

Insulin is an anabolic peptide hormone produced by the pancreas. It plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels. Excess insulin can lead to hormonal imbalances, including menstrual cycle disturbances. The most commonly accepted upper limit for fasting insulin levels in laboratory tests is around 10 mU/ml. However, there are no standardized reference values for insulin levels measured during the 1-hour or 2-hour points of an insulin curve test.

Elevated fasting insulin levels may indicate insulin resistance. However, not every elevated insulin result necessarily confirms insulin resistance. A full clinical picture requires a comprehensive evaluation of the patient, including other test results such as glucose levels and androgens (male hormones).

Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body’s cells respond less effectively to insulin. As a result, the pancreas produces more of this hormone, which can lead to:

  • Increased production of androgens in the ovaries (typical for PCOS), most often causing ovulation disorders and irregular menstrual cycles
  • Reduced sensitivity to progesterone, which can shorten the luteal phase and result in difficulties getting pregnant
  • Disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis

How to Regulate the Menstrual Cycle

First and foremost, diet plays an important role in regulating insulin levels. High insulin levels may result from consuming too many simple carbohydrates and highly processed foods. Additionally, a low intake of fiber can also elevate insulin levels. Fiber slows down the absorption of carbohydrates, helping to stabilize glucose levels. Dietary mistakes that can contribute to insulin imbalance include irregular meals and eating at night.

To regulate the menstrual cycle, it is recommended to follow a low glycemic index diet that is rich in fiber, healthy fats, and protein. Lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, improve insulin sensitivity. Going to bed and waking up at consistent times is also crucial. High stress sensitivity is counterproductive when trying to manage insulin regulation. Try relaxation techniques and make time for activities that help you unwind.

When to Consult a Doctor

It’s advisable to seek professional help if you notice symptoms suggesting elevated insulin levels. These include:

  • Difficulty getting pregnant
  • Excessive hair growth on the face, chest, or back
  • Irregular menstrual periods
  • Persistent acne that is hard to treat
  • Thinning hair on the scalp
  • Weight gain, overweight or obesity
  • Increased appetite, fatigue, and mood swings

For proper diagnosis, a doctor may recommend early morning fasting tests such as:

  • Glucose
  • Insulin
  • Glucose and/or insulin tolerance tests
  • Androgen levels
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Cortisol
  • Pelvic ultrasound with ovarian assessment

A proper diet, physical activity, and a healthy lifestyle can help regulate insulin levels and improve hormonal balance. If you experience concerning symptoms, it’s worth consulting a doctor and performing the appropriate tests to identify the root cause of the issue.

To book an appointment at LuMedic, you can register by phone at 22 150 20 20, choosing from one of our experienced specialists:

  • Dr. Anna Lewicka, MD, PhD – Gynecology, Endocrinology
  • Dr. Anna Wójcikiewicz, MD – Gynecology
  • Dr. Iga Siarkowska, MD – Gynecology